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Despite advances in multimodal treatment, disease recurrence remains common and limits long\u2010term survival, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers to guide prognosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review summarizes recent advances in biomarker development in OPSCC across multiple biological domains. We examined molecular biomarkers, including genomic alterations, DNA methylation, and non\u2010coding RNAs; protein biomarkers associated with oncogenic signaling, cell\u2010cycle regulation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis; as well as circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosome\u2010derived RNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among currently available biomarkers, p16, PD\u2010L1, and circulating HPV DNA demonstrate the strongest clinical applicability, particularly for risk stratification and post\u2010treatment surveillance. Emerging evidence also supports the use of combined biomarker panels to improve prediction of treatment response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, many candidate biomarkers show inconsistent performance due to methodological variability, limited sensitivity and specificity, and insufficient prospective validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While several biomarkers show promise in OPSCC, further standardization of detection methods and large\u2010scale prospective studies are required. Integration of multi\u2010omics data with computational approaches, including artificial intelligence, may facilitate the development of robust and clinically actionable predictive models, ultimately enabling more personalized management and earlier detection of recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:44:27Z","timestamp":1777391067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Significance of Biomarkers in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recurrence Prediction and Treatment Response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4374-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Ward, Department of Radiotherapy The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan 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