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However, evidence on the gut microbiota in this population, particularly in relation to physical activity, is limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n Therefore, we compared gut microbiota in breast cancer patients with obesity with healthy controls and non\u2010cancer controls with obesity and subsequently examined the effects of a combined dance and dietary intervention on gut microbiota, metabolic health, physical fitness, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The observational part compared gut microbiota in breast cancer patients with obesity (BCO, BMI 32.43\u2009\u00b1\u20094.90\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) with non\u2010cancer controls with obesity (OC, BMI 37.78\u2009\u00b1\u20096.68\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) and healthy controls (HC, BMI 21.26\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). A controlled trial was conducted in breast cancer patients with obesity, with an intervention group (INT,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200913) receiving a 12\u2010week combined dance and dietary intervention and non\u2010intervention controls (CTRL,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910). Gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, physical fitness was evaluated by an incremental bicycle ergometer test and motor tests, and quality of life was measured using the EORTC QLQ\u2010C30 and BR23 questionnaires. In the observational study, breast cancer patients showed significant differences in beta diversity and a lower relative abundance of health\u2010associated bacteria (e.g.,\n \n Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) compared with both controls. In the controlled trial, the intervention led to a significant improvement in body composition, physical fitness (e.g., Vo2max, handgrip strength), and several validated quality\u2010of\u2010life domains (e.g., fatigue, body image). A statistically significant difference in beta diversity at the post\u2010intervention phylum level was observed (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.046,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.11). Microbiota composition within INT shifted toward, increased health\u2010associated taxa (\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n spp.) and reduced opportunistic pathogens (\n \n Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ). However, a decrease in butyrate\u2010producing taxa (\n \n Ruminococcus bromii<\/jats:styled-content>\n , Ruminiclostridium hungatei\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) was also observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Breast cancer patients showed more negative shifts in gut microbiota compared with both controls. In addition, a 12\u2010week combined dance and dietary intervention improved body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, and was associated with mixed but potentially beneficial changes in select gut microbiota taxa among breast cancer patients with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n Clinical trial registration number: NCT07213271<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:16:42Z","timestamp":1781929002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dance and Dietary Intervention Improves Metabolic Health, Fitness, and Quality of Life With Modest Gut Microbiota Shifts in Breast Cancer Patients With Obesity: A Pilot 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