{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:00:08Z","timestamp":1785304808377,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the IL\u20106 cytokine family, is increasingly recognized as a tumor\u2010promoting factor in breast cancer, where it contributes to immune suppression, tumor progression, and therapy resistance. While neutralizing LIF is an attractive therapeutic approach, little is known about the systemic immunological consequences of targeting this cytokine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\u064e<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of active immunization against recombinant LIF protein\u2014designed to elicit endogenous anti\u2010LIF antibodies\u2014on tumor progression and systemic cytokine responses in a murine breast cancer model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female BALB\/c mice were immunized with recombinant LIF protein emulsified in Freund's adjuvant to induce anti\u2010LIF antibodies. Tumors were subsequently established by subcutaneous injection of 4T1 breast cancer cells after antibody titers were confirmed. Serum cytokine levels (IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u20104, and TGF\u2010\u03b2) were measured by ELISA, and tumor growth was monitored. Active immunization against LIF significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to controls. Serum analysis revealed that anti\u2010LIF immunization systemically suppressed tumor\u2010induced IL\u201010 while significantly enhancing IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels in tumor\u2010bearing mice. In contrast, IL\u20104 reduction was only significant in the absence of tumor challenge, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were generally reduced by the presence of the tumor regardless of immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that vaccination against LIF can induce endogenous anti\u2010LIF antibody responses, limit tumor progression, and selectively modulate systemic cytokine profiles, particularly through suppression of tumor\u2010induced IL\u201010 together with enhanced IFN\u2010\u03b3 responses in tumor\u2010bearing mice. These findings support further investigation of LIF\u2010targeted immunization as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T02:40:12Z","timestamp":1783564812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the Role of Anti\u2010Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Antibody on Cytokine Profile in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Seifati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Immunology Research Center Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd 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