{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1789563895048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer\u2010related mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most prevalent endocrine disorder, is commonly managed with Metformin, an antidiabetic medication that has demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This meta\u2010analysis aimed to discover the association between Metformin use and the risk of lung cancer in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted up to January 1, 2026, to identify relevant observational studies. After screening, appropriate data were extracted. Meta\u2010analyses utilized the most fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect measures. All statistical analyses were performed using R Statistical Software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pooled analysis of 29 observational studies showed a significant reduction in lung cancer risk among Metformin users compared with nonusers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: [0.77\u20130.94],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations in cohort studies (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: [0.70\u20130.89],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and in studies conducted in Asia (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: [0.68\u20130.99],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). Extended Metformin use (&gt;\u20093\u2009years) was associated with a significant reduction in lung cancer risk (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: [0.79\u20130.95];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas no significant effect was observed for shorter durations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis indicated a potential protective effect of Metformin use in individuals with T2DM against lung cancer, with a significant risk reduction observed, particularly among long\u2010term users and in Asian populations. The significant associations identified in cohort studies and in extended\u2010duration use underscore metformin's promise in lung cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T02:04:51Z","timestamp":1786500291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Metformin Use and Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4388-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU)  Kyiv Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University 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Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-9379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Mortezazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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