{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:58:29Z","timestamp":1790827109516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010609","name":"Gda\u0144ski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MNISW 07\/IDUB\/2019\/94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNISW 07\/IDUB\/2019\/94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Blood platelets have emerged as biomarkers where their RNA expression pattern indicates a tumor's presence. Our study aimed to characterize these patterns to identify biological processes associated with GBM and to evaluate their potential as a non\u2010invasive biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed platelet RNA\u2010seq expression profiles from 84 GBM patients and 319 healthy individuals using two complementary analytical approaches of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Threshold\u2010based Differential Expression Analysis with Elastic Net regularization. Together, these approaches may offer complementary perspectives on biological pathways associated with GBM and the descriptive functional annotation of a predictive platelet RNA gene signature, providing insight into platelet\u2010tumor interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our GSEA broad analysis highlighted platelet\u2010related biological processes, including coagulation, wound healing, immune regulation, and cytoskeletal organization. The Elastic Net framework additionally suggested pathways related to immune activation, cell signaling, and protein folding. Overall, these findings may suggest that platelet\u2010derived RNA not only has potential as a non\u2010invasive biomarker but may also provide insight into the systemic biological processes associated with the GBM tumor microenvironment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggests that platelet\u2010derived RNA may reflect biological processes associated with the GBM tumor microenvironment, where wound repair and immune\u2010related processes may play important roles. Our findings provide a resource for further research into the mechanisms that may underlie the pathophysiology and progression of glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:34:45Z","timestamp":1790825685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deepening the Understanding of Platelet\u2010Derived\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    as Biomarker for Glioblastoma Through\n                    <scp>GSEA<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>TDEA<\/scp>\n                    , and Elastic Net Regularization Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0533-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Giczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gda\u0144sk and Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pastuszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gda\u0144sk and Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk Poland"},{"name":"Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk Poland"},{"name":"Department of Algorithms and System Modeling Gdansk University of Technology  Gda\u0144sk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3040-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"van Hout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jip","family":"Ramaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Supernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gda\u0144sk and Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk Poland"},{"name":"Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart A.","family":"Westerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Glioblastoma","author":"Tamimi A. 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