{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:57:23Z","timestamp":1790618243472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the base of treatment for prostate cancer, and gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) drugs are given as depot injections. Long\u2010acting formulations may reduce the number of injections and the drug cost, but this impact has not been quantified in real practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the National Database Open Data of Japan from fiscal year (FY) 2017 to FY2024, and studied leuprorelin, goserelin, and degarelix in men aged 40\u2009years or older. Patient\u2010years were estimated by weighting the dispensed quantity by the period that each formulation covers. Descriptive statistics (patient numbers, drug, and formulation shares) were based on all products, whereas the analyses of the number of administrations and drug cost were restricted to originator products. Shapley value decomposition was used to divide the change in injections and in drug cost into factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 2\u2009276\u2009025 patient\u2010years were analyzed. The share of each drug did not change greatly, but a clear shift to long\u2010acting formulations was seen. The 6\u2010month formulation of leuprorelin exceeded the 3\u2010month formulation in FY2021 and was used more often in older patients. The number of patients increased by 12.9% (from 269\u2009328 to 304\u2009181 patient\u2010years; +10.0% for originator products, used for the administration and cost analyses), but injections decreased by 21.5%, from 1\u2009275\u2009081 to 1\u2009000\u2009324. Injections per patient per year decreased from 4.97 to 3.55. The shift to long\u2010acting formulations was the main factor for this decrease (\u2212383\u2009932 injections), and it also reduced the drug cost by 7.7 billion JPY per year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The shift to long\u2010acting GnRH formulations was associated with a reduction in injections of about one in five, even though the number of patients increased and was estimated to account for part of the reduction in drug cost. Because the oncological effect is similar among GnRH drugs, a further shift to long\u2010acting formulations may lower the burden on patients and on health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:48:06Z","timestamp":1789184886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fewer Injections and Lower Drug Costs With Long\u2010Acting\n                    <scp>GnRH<\/scp>\n                    Depot Formulations: A Nationwide Analysis of 2.3 Million Patient\u2010Years in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7049-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1054-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihito","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiji","family":"Takamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2733-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teppei","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroji","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Makiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun\u2010ichi","family":"Teranishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.0591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2022.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S12700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S27931"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Patients' Preferences and the Time to Finish Gonadotropin\u2010Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist and Antagonist Injections in Japanese Prostate Cancer Patients","volume":"17","author":"Kawahara T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b24-00584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-026-00552-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Progress in Medicinal Chemistry","author":"Shapley L. 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