{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:51:49Z","timestamp":1791352309390,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Non\u2010Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies with varying molecular and immunophenotypic characteristics. In Ghana, NHL is the third most common childhood cancer, highlighting the need for precise diagnostic approaches to improve survival rates. The identification of immunophenotypic biomarkers expressed by both healthy and neoplastic cells of the immune systems has been shown to provide information on the diagnostic and prognostic characterization of tumors leading to personalized treatment of NHL. We evaluated the immunophenotypic profiles of pediatric NHL and their correlation with survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to evaluate the immunophenotypic characteristics of three subtypes of non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and their associated survival outcomes among children diagnosed at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this retrospective study, 38 NHL patients were recruited from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Clinico\u2010pathological characteristics and treatment outcome were obtained in patients' folders. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were histologically examined and immunohistochemistry performed using monoclonal antibodies targeting\n CD3<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n CD25<\/jats:italic>\n and\n BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n . The Kaplan\u2013Meier method was used to obtain survival curves and compared by the log\u2010rank test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 26.0) and XLSTAT.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Females accounted for 55.3% of cases, with most patients being under 10\u2009years. Within the first\u2010year post\u2010diagnosis, 30.6% of children died, and 27.8% abandoned treatment.\n BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n was the most frequently expressed marker (55.3%), with co\u2010expression observed across all lymphoma types and age groups. Survival analysis was performed on 21\/38 participants with complete follow\u2010up data. The median survival time was 22\u2009months (95% CI: 3.96\u201340.11), with survival rates declining from 76% at 10\u2009months to 20% at 40\u2009months. Factors significantly associated with poor survival included\n BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n expression (poorer survival) and extranodal spread (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The survival rate for NHL patients in Ghana is very low.\n BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n was the most expressed marker, significantly influencing survival outcomes. The extent of tumor spread also influenced survival outcomes. Identifying prognostic factors for early diagnosis and treatment is essential to improving survival outcomes for NHL patients in this setting.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:48:17Z","timestamp":1791352097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Selected Immunophenotypic Markers in Childhood Non\u2010Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Ghana: A Possible Tool for Effective Stratification of Patients and Assessment of Survival Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Asamoah","family":"Sakyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3019-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Gyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics College of Health and Well\u2010Being Kintampo Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Adankwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest Kwasi","family":"Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Laboratory Services Directorate Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8965-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Paintsil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Child Health Directorate Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Kwabena","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics College of Health and Well\u2010Being Kintampo Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0825-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu Akwasi","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics College of Health and Well\u2010Being Kintampo Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Binwatin","family":"Dagungong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muniru Mohammed","family":"Tanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kervin Edinam","family":"Zogli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale 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Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1453-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Oduro","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Senu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 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Central Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0252-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda Ahenkorah","family":"Fondjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi 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