{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:52:38Z","timestamp":1792687958938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent and disabling condition with limited effective treatment options. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential non\u2010invasive neuromodulation therapy. This review synthesizes recent advances in rTMS for PSCI, focusing on its mechanisms, therapeutic effects across cognitive domains, and safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We summarize evidence indicating that rTMS exerts its effects by modulating cortical excitability, promoting neuroplasticity via BDNF signaling, and regulating dysfunctional brain networks, particularly the central executive and default mode networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical studies demonstrate that high\u2010frequency stimulation, primarily targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), can significantly improve memory, executive function, attention, and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with PSCI. A favorable safety profile is reported, with mild and transient adverse effects being most common. However, significant heterogeneity in stimulation parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, pulses) exists across studies. Current evidence suggests that ensuring a sufficient number of stimulation pulses and duration may be necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rTMS represents a promising therapeutic tool for PSCI, demonstrating benefits in key cognitive and functional domains. Future research must prioritize large\u2010scale, standardized randomized controlled trials to optimize stimulation protocols, confirm long\u2010term efficacy, and explore synergistic combinations with other rehabilitation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:00:57Z","timestamp":1765429257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recent Advances in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Post\u2010Stroke Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater PLA  Shenyang 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