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The study aims were to investigate the therapeutic effects of multi\u2010site tACS on MCI patients and its underlying neural mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A parallel, sham\u2010controlled trial was conducted with 60 MCI participants assigned to multi\u2010site tACS (prefrontal gyrus and precuneus), single\u2010site tACS (precuneus), or sham groups. All participants underwent 20\u2009days of 7\u2009Hz tACS concurrent with working memory training. Cognitive assessments and fMRI examinations were performed pre\u2010 and post\u2010 intervention. Local and remote functional connectivity changes were evaluated using regional homogeneity (Reho) and resting\u2010state network (RSN) analyses, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multi\u2010site tACS demonstrated superior cognitive improvements, particularly in verbal fluency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and recognition memory (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025), compared to sham stimulation. Significant ReHo changes were observed in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) exclusively in the multi\u2010site group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, multi\u2010site tACS induced broader functional connectivity alterations in the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and left frontoparietal network (FPN). Correlations were found between the Reho changes in SFG and STG and the score changes of immediate memory (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.367,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) and language naming (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.371,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), respectively. Functional connectivity changes in the right inferior parietal lobe were also significantly correlated with the score changes of language naming (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.374,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035). Moreover, more functional connectivity changes between the prefrontal gyrus stimulation site and the salience network and DMN were also detected in the multi\u2010site group relative to the single\u2010site group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi\u2010site tACS is more effective than single\u2010site tACS in enhancing cognitive functions and modulating cognition\u2010related brain networks in MCI patients. These superior neuromodulatory effects of multi\u2010site tACS may be attributed to its capacity to modulate functional networks across the prefrontal gyrus more extensively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:35:32Z","timestamp":1766126132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi\u2010Site Theta\u2010\n                    <scp>tACS<\/scp>\n                    Improves Memory and Language Performance and Associated Local and Remote Functional Connectivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2782-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation and Imaging of Brain Function The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 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