{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:16:54Z","timestamp":1791573414451,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of secondary damage, including neuroinflammation, astrocyte activation, and disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB), all of which contribute to long\u2010term neurological deficits. Astrocyte\u2010derived exosomes have emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue; however, the specific contributions of their molecular cargo remain poorly understood. This study explores whether astrocyte\u2010derived exosomal delivery of microRNA\u2010211\u20105p (miR\u2010211\u20105p) can attenuate secondary injury and enhance functional recovery following TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary astrocytes were transfected with AAV\u2010rno\u2010miR\u2010211\u20105p, and the resulting exosomes were isolated and characterized. TBI was induced in adult rats using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Exosomes (1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      particles) were administered intravenously 30\u2009min post\u2010injury. Behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate cognitive function and neurological deficits. Brain edema, glial activation, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1) and BBB\u2010related markers\u2014including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and the tight junction proteins zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) and claudin\u20105\u2014were analyzed using quantitative real\u2010time PCR, Western blotting, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, and histopathological techniques.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exosomes enriched with miR\u2010211\u20105p significantly improved cognitive and neurological outcomes, reduced cerebral edema, and downregulated the expression of GFAP, MMP9, and AQP4. Furthermore, the integrity of the BBB was preserved, as evidenced by sustained expression of ZO\u20101 and claudin\u20105. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were also markedly decreased in the injured cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Astrocyte\u2010derived exosomal miR\u2010211\u20105p confers neuroprotection in TBI by modulating glial activation, reducing neuroinflammation, and preserving BBB integrity. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of miR\u2010211\u20105p\u2010loaded exosomes as a cell\u2010free, targeted intervention for brain trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:09:48Z","timestamp":1775743788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Astrocyte\u2010Derived Exosomal\n                    <scp>miR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010211\u20105p Alleviates Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Injury in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Hebei 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