{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:26:32Z","timestamp":1788387992401,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016834","name":"Chongqing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023jstg032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023jstg032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004374","name":"Chongqing Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the real\u2010world effectiveness and safety of adjunctive zonisamide in children with developmental epileptic encephalopathy\/epileptic encephalopathy (DEE\/EE), focusing on younger children and highly drug\u2010resistant cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This open\u2010label, nonrandomized, self\u2010controlled, real\u2010world study included 127 children with DEE\/EE at a single center from 2020 to 2025. The primary endpoint was the responder rate (\u2265\u200950% seizure reduction) at 3, 6, 9, and 12\u2009months, analyzed using last observation carried forward. Secondary endpoints included seizure freedom, retention, and adverse events (AEs). Multivariable analysis identified predictors of efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responder rates were 51.2%, 55.3%, 53.7%, and 53.7% at 3, 6, 9, and 12\u2009months, respectively. Seizure\u2010free rates were 23.6%, 26.8%, 24.4%, and 27.6%. Efficacy was consistent across age and etiology. Female gender (OR\u2009=\u20093.00) and fewer prior anti\u2010seizure medications (OR\u2009=\u20090.77) independently predicted 12\u2010month response. Among children failing\u2009\u2265\u20095 prior medications, 44.3% responded, and 20.0% achieved seizure freedom. The 12\u2010month retention rate was 81.9%. AEs occurred in 14.2%, most commonly reduced appetite (7.9%); most were tolerable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjunctive zonisamide provides sustained efficacy and favorable tolerability in children with DEE\/EE, including young children &lt;\u20096\u2009years and highly drug\u2010resistant cases. Gender and prior treatment history predict long\u2010term efficacy, supporting its reliable risk\u2013benefit profile for refractory epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:26:18Z","timestamp":1775283978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Zonisamide Addition in Children With Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy\/Epileptic Encephalopathy: A Real\u2010World Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Peijiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child 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