{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:11:56Z","timestamp":1780913516238,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82320108007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82320108007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subject<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the treatment response in patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) in a large vasculitis cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2010center retrospective observational study, we assessed treatment, relapses, remission, and outcome of patients with PACNS. We pooled the patients' relapses under different treatments as well as various immunotherapies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with relapse and those associated with good functional status. The time of observation was 96\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort comprised 80 patients, with 38 diagnosed with pathologically confirmed PACNS and 42 with clinically diagnosed PACNS, with a median follow\u2010up duration of 18\u2009months (range 3\u201396). Treatment comprised acute\u2010phase induction therapy with high\u2010dose corticosteroids, alone or combined with immunosuppressive agents, followed by remission\u2010phase maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, primarily with cyclophosphamide, rituximab, or mycophenolate mofetil. Following treatment, 49 patients (61.3%) achieved remission and 70 (87.5%) attained favorable functional outcomes. The overall relapse rate was 35%. Group 3 demonstrated significantly higher baseline disease severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analysis identified seizures and cognitive impairment as predictors of relapse.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that a majority of PACNS patients exhibit a favorable response to therapy. For patients presenting with more severe disease at diagnosis, long\u2010term maintenance therapy following remission induction with glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:23:59Z","timestamp":1776428639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment Response and Prognosis of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Real\u2010World Observation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8588-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Dong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.9.9.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60069-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90238-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198801000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09285-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231190431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex047"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; 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