{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:12:14Z","timestamp":1780913534171,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32371192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011827","name":"Guangxi Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLLAD202501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLLAD202501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intermediolateral column (IML) serves as a crucial hub for sympathetic information processing between the brain and peripheral organs, with its defining hallmark being the presence of cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Specifically, the IML of the lower thoracic cord plays a pivotal role in regulating abdominal metabolic and digestive viscera. However, little is known about the whole\u2010brain neural connectivity targeting these lower thoracic IML cholinergic neurons, necessitating further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific retrograde tracing virus was injected into the lower thoracic IML of ChAT\u2010Cre transgenic mice expressing Cre in the cholinergic neurons. After the virus has fully expressed, brain and spinal cord sections were prepared for whole\u2010brain fluorescence imaging and quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that virally labeled neurons were detected in 40 brain regions of ChAT\u2010Cre mice, encompassing the telencephalon, diencephalon, and brainstem. Afferents were predominantly concentrated in 25 brainstem regions, with the pons providing the highest total number of afferents and the medulla offering the highest afferent density across both hemispheres. Although a small subset of regions exhibited strictly unilateral inputs or hemispheric preference, the overall projection pattern remained bilateral. Furthermore, our results revealed extensive projections to the IML from regions classically implicated in sympathetic outflow regulation and homeostatic control, including the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamic area (LH), and rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVLM). In addition, inputs were also observed from motor\u2010related regions, such as primary and secondary motor cortices (M1, M2), red nucleus (RN), and gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi), suggesting a potential anatomical basis for the central coupling of somatic motor and sympathetic functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study provides a comprehensive whole\u2010brain anatomical map of inputs to lower thoracic IML cholinergic neurons. This extensive supraspinal network, integrating classical sympathetic and homeostatic centers with motor\u2010related regions, suggests a potential anatomical basis for the central coordination of somatic motor and autonomic functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:12:08Z","timestamp":1777356728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Whole\u2010Brain Neural Connectivity to Cholinergic Neurons in the Lower Thoracic Intermediolateral Column"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yuan\u2010jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin\u2010bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia\u2010wan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010nuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010han","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang\u2010shan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5578-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.08.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08269-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290305"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00523-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22691-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54928-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91231-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890701424712"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00613.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0409-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000496107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","article-title":"Adeno\u2010Associated Virus\u2010Mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord","author":"Haenraets K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","volume-title":"The Anatomy of the Laboratory Mouse","author":"Cook M. J.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","volume-title":"Paxinos and Franklin's the Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Franklin K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Robust Registration of Calcium Images by Learned Contrast Synthesis","author":"Bogovic J. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paper Presented at: 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(75)90004-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(79)90009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90098-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65442-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903080210"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002737117"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605044113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03171-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2021.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-082321-025137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1337-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202306128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00005.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805355106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00587-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00441"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2021.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01685-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903630306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-011-0348-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo1440"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00077.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-061813"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.01.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00084"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-00382-z"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cns.70902","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cns.70902","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cns.70902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:39:35Z","timestamp":1780911575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cns.70902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cns.70902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cns.70902","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70902"}}