{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T14:14:24Z","timestamp":1779804864797,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can trigger secondary oxidative stress and exacerbate neurological dysfunction. This study investigated whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) attenuates oxidative stress and improves neurological recovery after TBI in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TBI model was established using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Seventy C57BL\/6 mice were divided into the sham group, TBI group, taVNS group, MDHB (pathway agonist, administered alone) group, and ML385 (pathway inhibitor, administered 30\u2009min before each taVNS session) group. Outcomes were assessed by Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, T2\u2010weighted MRI\u2013based volumetric quantification of edema, and behavioral tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TBI markedly increased oxidative stress and neurological impairment, as reflected by reduced serum glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, increased lesion and edema burden on MRI, and worsened behavioral performance. TaVNS significantly alleviated these changes, increasing GSH and SOD levels, reducing edema burden, and improving mNSS and open\u2010field performance. In addition, taVNS was associated with increased expression of antioxidant\u2010related proteins, including Nrf\u20102 and HO\u20101, whereas pharmacological inhibition with ML385 attenuated these beneficial effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that taVNS may alleviate oxidative stress and improve neurological outcomes after TBI in mice, with possible involvement of the Nrf\u20102\/HO\u20101 pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:01:13Z","timestamp":1777888873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Improves Neurological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center  Hefei Anhui 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