{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:18:59Z","timestamp":1787901539307,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore cerebral waste clearance and its associations with brain network disturbances in drug\u2010naive children with self\u2010limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 67 children with SeLECTS and 52 healthy controls (HC). All patients underwent standardized cognitive assessments. Metrics derived from T1WI, DTI, and fMRI were used to indirectly assess glymphatic\u2010related processes, including choroid plexus volume, perivascular space fraction, white matter free water (FW\u2010WM), and gBOLD\u2010CSF coupling. Functional brain networks were analyzed using graph theory. Linear models and partial correlation analyses were employed to examine between\u2010group differences in imaging metrics and their associations with cognitive function and topological properties. Additionally, the mediating effects of network properties were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the HC group, the SeLECTS group exhibited increased FW\u2010WM and reduced gBOLD\u2010CSF coupling strength. Furthermore, gBOLD\u2010CSF coupling was negatively correlated with processing speed (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.376, FDR\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). At the network level, the SeLECTS group exhibited a decreased clustering coefficient and characteristic path length, accompanied by increased global efficiency. The degree centrality and nodal efficiency values of the median cingulate and paracingulate gyri were significantly reduced and negatively correlated with gBOLD\u2010CSF coupling. In addition, nodal efficiency partially mediated the relationship between gBOLD\u2010CSF coupling and processing speed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary findings suggest that cognitive impairment in SeLECTS may be associated with the interplay between disturbances in cerebral waste clearance and brain network reorganization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.71079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:41:33Z","timestamp":1786596093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered Glymphatic\u2010Related\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Metrics and Brain Network Reorganization in Drug\u2010Naive Children With Self\u2010Limited Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8379-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education  Zunyi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi 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