{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:32:10Z","timestamp":1793345530620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social dysfunction (SD) is highly prevalent in children with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The amygdala is a central hub for socio\u2010emotional processing, and altered functional connectivity (FC) may explain the heterogeneity of social dysfunction in ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined both static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC (dFC) of amygdala subregions in 53 drug\u2010na\u00efve ADHD with SD (ADHD+SD), 71 drug\u2010na\u00efve ADHD without SD (ADHD\u2013SD), and 72 typically developing controls (TDC). The sFC was computed by voxel\u2010wise correlations, whereas dFC variability was quantified using sliding\u2010window analysis. Group differences were tested with ANCOVA, and group\u2010dependent cluster\u2013symptom associations were examined using interaction models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant group differences were found for sFC. In contrast, dFC variability between the left basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was significantly elevated in ADHD+SD relative to both ADHD\u2212SD and controls, following the gradient ADHD+SD\u2009&gt;\u2009TDC\u2009&gt;\u2009ADHD\u2212SD. Interaction analyses revealed a significant group\u2010dependent association between BLA\u2013MOG variability and social motivation, whereas no significant group\u2010dependent associations were observed with core ADHD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that social dysfunction in drug\u2010naive children with ADHD is associated with abnormal dynamic, rather than static, amygdala connectivity. The ADHD+SD subgroup showed increased temporal variability in BLA\u2010centered circuits involving both visual\u2010perceptual (MOG) and executive control (SFG) systems. Furthermore, the group\u2010dependent association between BLA\u2013MOG variability and social motivation suggests that altered amygdala\u2010visual temporal coordination may contribute to heterogeneity in social functioning. These results highlight dynamic amygdala\u2010cortical connectivity as a promising neural feature for characterizing clinically relevant social dysfunction in ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.71088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:27:41Z","timestamp":1787545661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Dysfunction in\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    Children Associated With Increased Amygdala Functional Connectivity Instability: A Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kangfuxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuyao","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3219-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Mental Health Center &amp; Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaixu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4548-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjiu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713486516"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010020\u20100350\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010005\u20100025\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2299"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22138"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010021\u201001809\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.648143"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.20091342"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010024\u201006310\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs352"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010013\u20100634\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2010.05445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4865\u201012.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583\u2010199707000\u201000021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","volume-title":"ADHD Rating Scale\u2014IV: Checklists, Norms, and Clinical Interpretation","author":"DuPaul G. 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