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We also performed brain network connectivity analysis to investigate the relationship between white matter disruption and cortical atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lower baseline ALPS index showed an association with drastic progression of disruption of white matter microstructural integrity, primarily located in the subcortical regions where association fibers are distributed. Brain network connectivity analysis revealed an association of the lower ALPS index with a disconnected sub\u2010network in the midline and right frontal lobe, where association fibers are widely distributed. The lower ALPS index also displayed a correlation with cortical atrophy in the projection areas of both association and projection fibers in cross\u2010sectional analysis. However, this correlation was nonsignificant in longitudinal analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ALPS index could be considered a composite marker of perivascular dynamics and white matter microstructural integrity, shedding light on the spatial pattern of disruption of white matter integrity in community\u2010dwelling populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.71107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:08:01Z","timestamp":1787645281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Patterns of Brain Parenchymal Damage Associated With the\n                    <scp>ALPS<\/scp>\n                    Index in a Community\u2010Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengqian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi\u2010Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei\u2010Fei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing 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