{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:45:20Z","timestamp":1791816320247,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15NS139138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15NS139138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective \u03b12\u2010adrenergic receptor agonist, on brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) function and blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) integrity in juvenile mice following traumatic brain injury (TBI). We specifically assessed the effects of DEX on ER stress, neuroinflammation, and ferroptosis and explored potential sex\u2010specific responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male and female juvenile mice were subjected to an impact\u2010acceleration TBI model. DEX was administered during the acute phase post\u2010injury. Muscle strength and sensorimotor coordination were measured, and BBB permeability was assessed. BMECs and cerebral microvessels were isolated from the injured and control regions for molecular analysis of inflammatory markers, ER stress activation, ferroptosis, and expression of tight junction markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DEX treatment improved motor and coordination outcomes and reduced BBB leakage in both sexes after TBI. Molecular analyses revealed decreased inflammatory signaling, ER stress, and ferroptosis\u2010related oxidative stress pathways in BMECs with DEX treatment. Importantly, DEX led to greater upregulation of selected tight junction markers in female mice than in male mice, suggesting possible sex\u2010specific differences in \u03b12\u2010adrenergic receptor expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DEX provides both behavioral and cellular protection following juvenile TBI, with potential sex\u2010dependent effects on BMECs and BBB function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.71204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1791813126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex\u2010Specific Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Juvenile Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1861-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara","family":"Mashal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1267-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tia","family":"Atoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3422-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahrah","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1373-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Moughni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7721-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Tawil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6256-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.9478","article-title":"Association of Traumatic Brain Injury With the Risk of Developing Chronic Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Neurological, and Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"5","author":"Izzy S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23300","article-title":"Blood\u2010Brain Barrier and Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"92","author":"Alves J. L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0400-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatments and Potential Novel Therapeutics","volume":"37","author":"Pearn M. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Price L.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093344","article-title":"Mechanisms of Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"21","author":"Cash A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003555","article-title":"Ferroptosis Contributes to Neuronal Death and Functional Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"47","author":"Kenny E. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2289-6_1","article-title":"Cells of the Blood\u2010Brain Barrier: An Overview of the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Disease","volume":"2492","author":"McConnell H. L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6564585","article-title":"Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Overview: Structural and Functional Correlation","volume":"2021","author":"Alahmari A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plasticity"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","article-title":"A Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Overview on Structure, Function, Impairment, and Biomarkers of Integrity","volume":"17","author":"Kadry H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids and Barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1815-1","article-title":"Functional Morphology of the Blood\u2010Brain Barrier in Health and Disease","volume":"135","author":"Liebner S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-011-0125-x","article-title":"Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Pathophysiology in Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"2","author":"Chodobski A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Translational Stroke Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808698106","article-title":"VEGF\u2010Mediated Disruption of Endothelial CLN\u20105 Promotes Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Breakdown","volume":"106","author":"Argaw A. T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad033","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Vascular Repair After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review","volume":"11","author":"Zhao Z. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Burns & Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31822b8629","article-title":"Review Article: Dexmedetomidine in Children: Current Knowledge and Future Applications","volume":"113","author":"Mason K. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23003-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"8","author":"Wu J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01822-2","article-title":"Assessment of the Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury Using Propensity Score Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Xu J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50878","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammatory\u2010Induced Apoptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway","volume":"6","author":"Li F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Translational Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12300","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Early Brain Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Neuroinflammation Through the ROS\/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway","volume":"24","author":"Feng X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2021037390","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Inflammation to Alleviate Early Neuronal Injury via TLR4\/NF\u2010kappaB Pathway in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"31","author":"Huang G. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.146682","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress\u2010Induced Apoptosis and Improves Neuronal Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice","volume":"1732","author":"Sun D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.10.004","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Provides Neuroprotection in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury via the PGC\u20101alpha Signaling Pathway","volume":"72","author":"Li F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00032","article-title":"The Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Against Hypoxia\/Reoxygenation\u2010Induced Inflammatory Injury and Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells Mediated by Sigma\u20101 Receptor","volume":"12","author":"Zhao Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmab092","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Maintains Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Integrity by Inhibiting Drp1\u2010Related Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke","volume":"53","author":"Zhou W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica Shanghai"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108332","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Cognitive Impairment by Reducing Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Interruption and Neuroinflammation via Regulating Th1\/Th2\/Th17 Polarization in an Experimental Sepsis Model of Mice","volume":"101","author":"Tian M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021430","article-title":"Recent Developments in Understanding Barrier Mechanisms in the Developing Brain: Drugs and Drug Transporters in Pregnancy, Susceptibility or Protection in the Fetal Brain?","volume":"59","author":"Saunders N. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2023.0051","article-title":"Sex\u2010Specific Effects of Buprenorphine on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Abnormal Protein Accumulation, and Cell Loss After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice","volume":"4","author":"Faulkner M. B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100469","article-title":"Sex Specific Effects of Buprenorphine on Behavior, Astrocytic Opioid Receptor Expression and Neuroinflammation After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice","volume":"22","author":"Hamood Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity\u2010Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109829","article-title":"Sex Specific Effects of Buprenorphine on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Behavioral Outcomes During the Acute Phase After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice","volume":"245","author":"Davila\u2010Valencia I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114806","article-title":"Sex\u2010Specific and Cell\u2010Specific Regulation of ER Stress and Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury in Juvenile Mice","volume":"377","author":"Ghannam A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05281-x","article-title":"Sex\u2010 and Cell Type\u2010Specific Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Ferroptosis in Neurons and Microglia Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Juvenile Mice","volume":"63","author":"Fan J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.95476","article-title":"Discovery of 2\u2010Deoxy Glucose Surfaced Mixed Layer Dendrimer: A Smart Neuron Targeted Systemic Drug Delivery System for Brain Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Dhull A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","article-title":"Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells","volume":"93","author":"Ruck T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.010","article-title":"Maternal Immune Activation Differentially Impacts Mature and Adult\u2010Born Hippocampal Neurons in Male Mice","volume":"45","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0016-5","article-title":"EphB3 Signaling Induces Cortical Endothelial Cell Death and Disrupts the Blood\u2010Brain Barrier After Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"9","author":"Assis\u2010Nascimento P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06588","article-title":"Optimization of Evans Blue Quantitation in Limited Rat Tissue Samples","volume":"4","author":"Wang H. L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70053","article-title":"Neuron\u2010Targeted 2\u2010Deoxyglucose\u2010Dendrimer\u2010Rosiglitazone Nanotherapy Mitigates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Deficits in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"11","author":"Dar A. I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0212-0","article-title":"The Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Cerebral Microvessels","volume":"14","author":"Lee Y. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.06.010","article-title":"Maternal Inflammation Leads to Impaired Glutamate Homeostasis and Up\u2010Regulation of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II in Activated Microglia in the Fetal\/Newborn Rabbit Brain","volume":"94","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6894","article-title":"Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Long\u2010Term Deficits in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition","volume":"37","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Health Implications","volume":"31","author":"Tang D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13389","article-title":"Safety of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Agitation in Critically Ill Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Descriptive Study","volume":"46","author":"Bilodeau V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24331","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Disruption Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets","volume":"98","author":"Sulhan S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad305","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Cell\u2010Specific Disruption of the profilin1 Gene Leads to Severe Multiorgan Pathology and Inflammation Causing Mortality","volume":"2","author":"Allen\u2010Gondringer A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300858","article-title":"beta2 Integrin\u2010Mediated Crawling on Endothelial ICAM\u20101 and ICAM\u20102 Is a Prerequisite for Transcellular Neutrophil Diapedesis Across the Inflamed Blood\u2010Brain Barrier","volume":"192","author":"Gorina R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0250-z","article-title":"Mechanisms, Regulation and Functions of the Unfolded Protein Response","volume":"21","author":"Hetz C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666151218145431","article-title":"PERK\u2010Opathies: An Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mechanism Underlying Neurodegeneration","volume":"13","author":"Bell M. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Alzheimer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0123-z","article-title":"Claudin\u20105: Gatekeeper of Neurological Function","volume":"16","author":"Greene C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fluids and Barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1476","article-title":"Variants of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Gene and Cerebral Blood Flow After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"28","author":"Robertson C. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9496-4","article-title":"Specific Role of Tight Junction Proteins Claudin\u20105, Occludin, and ZO\u20101 of the Blood\u2010Brain Barrier in a Focal Cerebral Ischemic Insult","volume":"44","author":"Jiao H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H159","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00500.2004","article-title":"Endothelial Cell PECAM\u20101 Confers Protection Against Endotoxic Shock","volume":"288","author":"Maas M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.4.713","article-title":"Mechanism of Endothelial Cell Shape Change and Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Response to Fluid Shear Stress","volume":"109","author":"Malek A. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"issue":"487","key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aag2476","article-title":"Gene Expression Profiles of Brain Endothelial Cells During Embryonic Development at Bulk and Single\u2010Cell Levels","volume":"10","author":"Hupe M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Signaling"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01395-8","article-title":"Resilience of Females to Acute Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Damage and Anxiety Behavior Following Mild Blast Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"10","author":"Hubbard W. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica Communications"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00220","article-title":"Comparing Postnatal Development of Gonadal Hormones and Associated Social Behaviors in Rats, Mice, and Humans","volume":"159","author":"Bell M. R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","article-title":"Age\u2010 and Sex\u2010Dependent Changes in Androgen Receptor Expression in the Developing Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus","volume":"2015","author":"Tsai H. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-62.1.31","article-title":"Alpha\u20102 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: A Review of Current Clinical Applications","volume":"62","author":"Giovannitti J. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesia Progress"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(96)00264-3","article-title":"Gender Differences in Brain Metabolic and Plasma Catecholamine Responses to Alpha 2\u2010Adrenoceptor Blockade","volume":"16","author":"Schmidt M. E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.021","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Locus Coeruleus\u2010Norepinephrine System and Its Regulation by Stress","volume":"1641","author":"Bangasser D. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69451-8","article-title":"Intrinsic Transcriptomic Sex Differences in Human Endothelial Cells at Birth and in Adults Are Associated With Coronary Artery Disease Targets","volume":"10","author":"Hartman R. J. G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.018","article-title":"Does Cellular Sex Matter? Dimorphic Transcriptional Differences Between Female and Male Endothelial Cells","volume":"240","author":"Lorenz M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-025-00751-2","article-title":"Sex\u2010 and Age\u2010 Differences in the Expression of Critical Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Regulators: A Physiological Context","volume":"16","author":"Mi X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology of Sex Differences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2019.01.006","article-title":"Sex Differential Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Fear Memory Extinction and Anxiety Behavior in Adolescent Rats","volume":"149","author":"Jang M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine","volume":"56","author":"Weerink M. A. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cns.71204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cns.71204","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cns.71204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:52:14Z","timestamp":1791813134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cns.71204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cns.71204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cns.71204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71204"}}