{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:02:32Z","timestamp":1750219352500,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Child Neurology Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted deep and minimal phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in people with epilepsy (PWE) and compared its expression with published rates in the general population and relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD\u2010relatives). We then examined the association of clinical epilepsy variables with BAP expression to explore its underpinnings in PWE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>103 adults with seizures (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200937.37, SD\u2009=\u200912.50; 47% males; 51 temporal lobe epilepsy, 40 genetic generalized epilepsy, 12 other) and 58 community members (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200939.59, SD\u2009=\u200914.56; 35% males) underwent deep phenotyping using the observer\u2010rated Autism Endophenotype Interview and minimal phenotyping with the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Published rates of the BAP were ascertained from large randomly selected samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009100) of the general population and ASD\u2010relatives based on BAPQ data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a higher rate of BAP in PWE (15% males, 27% females) compared with the general population (5% males, 7% females) and a similar rate to ASD\u2010relatives (9% males, 20% females). Deep phenotyping identified an additional 22 males and 10 females, with the combined measures indicating elevated rates of the BAP in PWE (44% males, 36% females). Only a shorter duration of epilepsy was weakly correlated with BAP trait expression in males (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>PWE have a high rate of BAP, largely unrelated to secondary clinical epilepsy effects. The BAP may provide a trans\u2010diagnostic marker of shared etiological mechanisms of epilepsy and ASD and partly account for psychosocial difficulties faced by PWE with childhood or adult onset of seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns3.20104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T05:40:21Z","timestamp":1742362821000},"page":"78-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie E.","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Autism Research Centre IWK Health Centre  Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2311-2174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid E.","family":"Scheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Murdoch Children's Research Institute Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences Research Murdoch Children's Research Institute Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2678-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9183-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00151-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815601501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617703950065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2014.10.2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0299-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1492-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2230-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1ae0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700032918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1192-2"},{"volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","year":"2011","author":"Wechsler D.","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1"},{"volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","year":"1999","author":"Wechsler D.","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1"},{"volume-title":"Wechsler Test of Adult Reading","year":"2001","author":"Wechsler D.","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01897163"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1955988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90018-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.934385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3792-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320984625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717720720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0568-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-04988-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4161-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3396-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2224-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1674"},{"volume-title":"Des Maladies Mentales Consid\u00e9r\u00e9es Sous Les Rapports M\u00e9dical, Hygi\u00e9nique Et M\u00e9dico\u2010L\u00e9gal","year":"1838","author":"Esquirol \u00c9.","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1"},{"volume-title":"Psychiatrie","year":"1923","author":"Kraepelin E.","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(79)80064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500200014003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Evidence Against the Existence of a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Personality Syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Devinsky O.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2016.0812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.178855.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0558-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00906-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0874-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0750-9"}],"container-title":["Annals of the Child Neurology Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cns3.20104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T06:30:05Z","timestamp":1750141805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cns3.20104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cns3.20104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cns3.20104","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2831-3267","2831-3267"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2831-3267"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2831-3267"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}