{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1789567435808,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Child Neurology Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to determine whether a previously reported three\u2010tiered classification scheme for T2\u2010hyperintense brain lesions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was associated with distinct radiographic or clinical characteristics after 10 years of real\u2010world follow\u2010up data were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2010center retrospective study, we analyzed T2\u2010hyperintense lesions identified on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 58 children with NF1. Lesions were categorized as \u201cLow Likelihood of Tumor,\u201d \u201cIntermediate Likelihood of Tumor,\u201d or \u201cHigh Likelihood of Tumor\u201d using predefined imaging criteria adopted by our institution. Clinical and radiologic data were evaluated with generalized estimating equations (GEEs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No demographic variables were associated with lesion category, apart from small age differences and a lower proportion of \u201cHigh Likelihood of Tumor\u201d lesions occurring in males compared with \u201cLow Likelihood of Tumor.\u201d Localization patterns differed modestly, but anatomic site was not associated with radiographic evolution or treatment. Most lesions initially classified as \u201cLow Likelihood of Tumor\u201d or \u201cIntermediate Likelihood of Tumor\u201d remained stable or resolved, and none required therapy. Even among lesions initially classified as \u201cHigh Likelihood of Tumor,\u201d only a small subset required treatment, most often those demonstrating pronounced T1 hypointensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NF1\u2010associated T2\u2010hyperintense lesions demonstrate substantial overlap in clinical and radiographic characteristics, particularly those classified as \u201cLow Likelihood of Tumor\u201d and \u201cIntermediate Likelihood of Tumor,\u201d while generally following a benign course. Features such as lesion location, enhancement, or mass effect are not consistently associated with treatment. These findings support close monitoring of lesions classified as \u201cHigh Likelihood of Tumor\u201d with pronounced T1 hypointensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cns3.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:45:42Z","timestamp":1786016742000},"page":"197-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of T2\u2010Hyperintense Lesions in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ariel B.","family":"Brickler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu S.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"McKinstry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Gutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 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