{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T11:41:36Z","timestamp":1771674096235,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013817","name":"Endeavour College of Natural Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This clinical trial (ACTRN12619001296123) investigated the impact of silymarin (Legalon\u00ae) on circulating bilirubin concentration, lipid status, systemic inflammation, and antioxidant status. The study design was a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, single\u2010blind crossover trial of healthy men (18\u201065 years), conducted at Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Participants were recruited from Griffith University and were randomized to silymarin (140 mg silymarin capsules thrice daily) or placebo (3 capsules containing mannitol taken daily) for 14 days followed by a \u22654\u2010week washout and crossover to the other arm. The main outcomes were whether silymarin treatment would increase serum bilirubin concentration by &gt;0.29 mg\/dL, change serum lipid status (cholesterol and triglycerides), inflammation (c\u2010reactive protein), and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma) compared with baseline. Silymarin consumption (n = 17) did not affect serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (0.73 versus 0.67 mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .79), cholesterol (185 versus 189 mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .19), triglycerides (94.2 versus 92.3 mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .79), c\u2010reactive protein (0.17 versus 0.09 mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .23), or antioxidant status (6.61 versus 6.67 mg Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .40). These findings challenge previous reports and manufacturer claims of hyperbilirubinemia following silymarin treatment and are critical to guiding researchers toward an effective means to mildly elevate bilirubin, which evidence suggests could protect from cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T20:46:46Z","timestamp":1625863606000},"page":"1156-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Silymarin Treatment on Circulating Bilirubin and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Men: A Single\u2010Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Josif","family":"Vidimce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland 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