{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:39:38Z","timestamp":1791988778590,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":319,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The integrative influence of heat acclimation (HA) protocol characteristics and approach on adaptation kinetics and exercise capacity\/performance in the heat remains unclear. Bayesian multilevel regression models were used to estimate adaptations with the number of exposures, exposure duration, ambient temperature, water vapor pressure, and HA approach (e.g., constant workrate) as predictors. Data from 211 papers were included in meta\u2010analyses with results presented as posterior means and 90% credible intervals. Mean protocol characteristics were as follows: 8\u2009\u00b1\u20094 exposures, 90\u2009\u00b1\u200936\u2009min\/exposure, 39.1\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u00b0C, and 2.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.83\u2009kPa. HA decreased resting (\u22125 beats\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u22127, \u22123]) and end\u2010exercise heart rate (\u221217 beats\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u221219, \u221214]), resting (\u22120.19\u00b0C [\u22120.23, \u22120.14]) and end\u2010exercise core temperature (\u22120.43\u00b0C [\u22120.48, \u22120.36]), and expanded plasma volume (5.6% [3.8, 7.0]). HA also lowered exercise metabolic rate (\u221287\u2009mL\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u2212126, \u221249]), increased whole\u2010body sweat rate (WBSR) (163\u2009mL\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [94, 226]), time to exhaustion (49% [35, 61]) and incremental exercise time (14% [7, 24]), and improved time trial performance (3.1% [1.8, 4.5]). An additional HA exposure increased hemoglobin mass (1.9\u2009g [0.6, 3.2]) and WBSR (9\u2009mL\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [1, 17]), and an additional 15\u2009min\/exposure further lowered end\u2010exercise core temperature (\u22120.04\u00b0C [\u22120.05, \u22120.03]) and expanded plasma volume (0.4% [0.1, 0.7]). A 5\u00b0C increase in ambient temperature further lowered end\u2010exercise HR (\u22122 beats\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u22123, \u22121]) and a 1\u2009kPa increase enhanced WBSR (37\u2009mL\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [4, 72]). End\u2010exercise heart rate and core temperature decreased similarly following controlled hyperthermia (\u221216 beats\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u221218, \u221214]; \u22120.43\u00b0C [\u22120.48, \u22120.36]) and constant workrate HA (\u221217 beats\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [\u221218, \u221216]; \u22120.45\u00b0C [\u22120.49, \u22120.42]). HA protocol characteristics influence the adaptive response and may be manipulated to optimize adaptations. A predictor for estimating HA adaptations based on protocol characteristics is available at:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.canberra.edu.au\/research\/centres\/uc-rise\/research\/environmental-physiology\/exercise-heat-acclimation-predictor\">https:\/\/www.canberra.edu.au\/research\/centres\/uc\u2010rise\/research\/environmental\u2010physiology\/exercise\u2010heat\u2010acclimation\u2010predictor<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:14:37Z","timestamp":1748564077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Influence of Exercise Heat Acclimation Protocol Characteristics on Adaptation Kinetics: A Quantitative Review With Bayesian Meta\u2010Regressions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5842-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra  Bruce Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3433-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra  Bruce Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Topham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra  Bruce Australian Capital Territory 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