{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T12:40:03Z","timestamp":1756212003118,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) manifestations involve respiratory dysfunction and motor disability. Previous research on PD has mainly focused on central dopamine (DA) deficits and their effect on ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to analyze the function of carotid bodies (CB), sensors of blood O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, by studying the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and measuring biogenic amine content in the CB of a 6\u2010hydroxydopamine (6\u2010OHDA) induced PD model. We also investigated the effects of supplementation with the DA biosynthesis precursor L\u2010DOPA on HVR and central DA depletion on hypoxic phrenic (PHR) and hypoglossal (HG) nerve activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 6\u2010OHDA intrastriatal injection, awake Wistar rats were tested in a plethysmographic chamber to study the HVR (8% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) before and after L\u2010DOPA treatment. Registration of PHR and HG under acute hypoxia (8% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was performed in anesthetized rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 6\u2010OHDA rats showed reduced normoxic ventilation and HVR, eliminated by L\u2010DOPA treatment. Increased HG activity during hypoxia in the form of increased amplitude and pre\u2010inspiratory amplitude was observed. In addition to decreased striatal levels of DA, serotonin (5\u2010HT) and noradrenaline (NA), reduced NA (42%) and 5\u2010HT (52%) were found in CB of 6\u2010OHDA rats. The open\u2010field test showed a decrease in motor activity 2\u2009weeks after the lesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed NA and 5\u2010HT deficits in CB in the PD model, which may be responsible for impaired HVR. L\u2010DOPA treatment, replenishing DA deficiency in the striatum, stimulated HVR. Increased pre\u2010inspiratory HG activity indicates modifications to the central mechanisms controlling their activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T12:24:19Z","timestamp":1754310259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impaired Breathing During Exposure to Hypoxia and Carotid Body Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kryspin","family":"Andrzejewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wrzesie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Zaremba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Centre for Preclinical Research (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Joniec\u2010Maciejak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Centre for Preclinical Research (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia V.","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidade NOVA de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia Universidad de Valladolid  Valladolid Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Gen\u00e9tica Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Universidad de Valladolid  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02492-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00743-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0331-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084403"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"The Human Carotid Body at High Altitudes","volume":"39","author":"Arias\u2010Stella J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pathologia et Microbiologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000073315.88827.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breathing in Parkinsonism in the Rat","volume":"884","author":"Bialkowska M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3861-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2014-1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(97)00095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2024.103207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00418","article-title":"Carotid Body, Insulin, and Metabolic Diseases: Unraveling the Links","volume":"5","author":"Conde S. 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