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Obesity is also linked with altered neurocognitive functions, including impaired learning and memory. Whether these changes are secondary to neuroinflammation versus other comorbidities associated with obesity is unknown. Here, we modeled the chronic low\u2010grade inflammation that accompanies diet\u2010induced obesity, but in the absence of obesity or consumption of an obesogenic diet. Male rats were implanted with intraperitoneal osmotic minipumps, continuously dispensing either saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin produced in the gut that triggers inflammation when in circulation. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that LPS exposure led to neuroinflammation, with an increased number of Ionized Calcium\u2010Binding Molecule 1 (Iba1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) cells in the amygdala and hippocampus in LPS rats. Given that these brain regions are associated with impulse control, anxiety\u2010like behavior, and learning and memory, we tested whether chronic LPS treatment impacted these behaviors. Interestingly, LPS exposure did not affect hippocampal\u2010dependent memory in the Morris water maze, novel location recognition, or novel object in context memory tests, suggesting that neuroinflammation in the absence of obesity does not induce memory impairments. Further, chronic LPS significantly decreased anxiety\u2010like behavior in the open field test and food impulsivity in an operant\u2010based procedure. LPS animals also had significantly lower corticosterone and melatonin levels compared to controls, which may contribute to these behavioral outcomes. These results suggest that the low\u2010grade inflammation associated with obesity is not sufficient alone to drive obesity\u2010associated memory impairments but does reduce anxiety and food\u2010motivated impulsive responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T06:11:18Z","timestamp":1756534278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Endotoxemia\u2010Induced Inflammation in the Absence of Obesity Is Associated With Decreased Anxiety\u2010Like and Impulsive Behavior With no Effect on Learning and Memory"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Molly E.","family":"Klug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden","family":"Crain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M. R.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugil V.","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire B.","family":"de La Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9526-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott E.","family":"Kanoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California 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