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Over the last ~40\u2009years, heat therapy has gained increasing popularity among scientists and clinicians as a potential therapeutic tool for aging and disease. Recently, several systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses have sought to encompass specific aspects investigated in the scientific literature surrounding this ancient therapeutic modality, with each review having a primary focus on one beneficial aspect of heat therapy. This review aimed to provide a more comprehensive review of the scientific literature on heat therapy. To accomplish this, we have included studies that demonstrate clear beneficial adaptations (and those that show no effect of heat therapy) on specific organs, crosstalk between different organs and tissues, and integrated physiological systems and pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss what forms of heat therapy confer beneficial adaptations and for which populations these benefits occur. Where possible, we identify specific signaling mechanisms through which heating a tissue or raising internal body temperature results in a multitude of beneficial adaptations. Lastly, this review also emphasizes those investigations that have shown little or no benefit of heat therapy. The overarching aim of this review was to provide scientists, clinicians, and the lay public with a current consensus on the benefits and limitations of heat therapy as a healthy lifestyle intervention for a variety of persons and health conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:56:01Z","timestamp":1768971361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rauchelle E.","family":"Richey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Hyldahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan W.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige C.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Halliwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Minson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Physiological Characteristics of Long\u2010Term Bikram Yoga Practitioners","volume":"15","author":"Abel A. 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