{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1781112251181,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acute exposure to hypoxia affects the cardiovascular system, especially pulmonary circulation and right heart hemodynamics. However, the impact of normobaric hypoxia on the right heart chambers during exercise is still not clear. This study examined whether a single bout of high\u2010intensity exercise to voluntary exhaustion under acute moderate normobaric hypoxia (~3000\u2009m a.s.l.; FiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200914.4%) induces significant changes in right ventricular (RV) and right atrial (RA) dimensions or RV systolic function compared to normoxia in trained and untrained men. Twenty\u2010four healthy males (12 trained cyclists, 12 untrained) completed randomized trials involving exhaustive exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Echocardiographic assessments were conducted at rest and post\u2010exercise. While hypoxia was found to reduce total mechanical work, end\u2010exercise heart rate and oxygen saturation in both groups, no differences were observed in the post\u2010exercise RV response between normoxia and hypoxia. Only untrained men showed increased resting RV dimensions and fractional area change (FAC) in hypoxia. Both groups exhibited post\u2010exercise declines in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic tissue Doppler velocity (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032 wave), and right atrial area (RAA), but no additive effect of hypoxia was observed. These results indicate that acute moderate normobaric hypoxia does not impose additional RV load during maximal exercise in healthy athletes and untrained men.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    : NCT06896773\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:46:15Z","timestamp":1767771975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of High\u2010Intensity Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia on Right Ventricular Function in Trained and Untrained Men\u2014An Echocardiographic Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Gajda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Prevention Jan Dlugosz University  Czestochowa Poland"},{"name":"Center for Sports Cardiology at the Gajda\u2010Med Medical Center in Pultusk  Pultusk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"P\u0142oszczyca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5389-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases National Institute of Cardiology  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Niemaszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Starczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Grzebisz\u2010Zato\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kaczmarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zef","family":"Langfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Theory The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education  Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7678-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00076009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102007\u20101021309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology","author":"Cheung S. 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