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However, most surface\u2010modification processes are costly, complicated, and time\u2010consuming. In addition, the modified QDs often have a large size, which leads to easy aggregation in biological environments, making it difficult to excrete them from in vivo systems. To solve these problems, three kinds of conventional polymers, namely, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, neutral), sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, negative charged), and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA, positive charged) were selected to modify the surface of QDs at low cost via a simple process in which the size of the QDs was kept small after modification. The effect of polymer modification on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the QDs was systematically investigated. High quantum yields (QYs) of 65\u2009% were reached, which is important for the realization of bio\u2010imaging. Then, the cytotoxicity of CdTe QD\u2013polymer composites was systematically investigated via MTT assay using the Cal27 and HeLa cell lines, especially for high concentrations of QD\u2013polymer composites in vitro. The experimental results showed that the cytotoxicity decreased in the order CdTe\u2010PDDA&gt;CdTe&gt;CdTe\u2010PSS&gt;CdTe\u2010PVA, indicating that PSS and PVA can reduce the toxicity of the QDs. An obvious cytotoxicity of CdTe\u2010PVA and CdTe\u2010PSS was present until 120\u2005h for the Cal27 cell line and until 168\u2005h for the HeLa cell line. At last, the Cal27 cell line was selected to realize bio\u2010imaging using CdTe\u2010PSS and CdTe\u2010PVA composites with different emission colors under one excitation wavelength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201500715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,17]],"date-time":"2015-09-17T03:54:41Z","timestamp":1442462081000},"page":"3687-3694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Influence of Surface Modification on the Photoluminescence of CdTe Quantum Dots: Realization of Bio\u2010Imaging via Cost\u2010Effective Polymer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gan","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University  Changchun 130024 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Ming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University  Shenyang 110002 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Mei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University  Changchun 130024 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Zhu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University  Changchun 130024 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Chen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Stomatology Jilin University  Changchun 130021 P. R. 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