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We have used tubulin as a model protein to investigate whether docked photoactive ligands can affect the structure and function of polypeptides upon exposure to visible light. We observed that laser irradiation in the Soret band prompts bleaching of the PPIX, which is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the intensity and average fluorescence lifetime of the protein (dominated by the four tryptophan residues of the tubulin monomer). The kinetics indicate non\u2010trivial effects and suggest that the photosensitization of the PPIX bound to tubulin prompts structural alterations of the protein. These modifications were also observed through changes in the energy transfer between Trp residues and PPIX. The results suggest that laser irradiation produces localized partial unfolding of tubulin and that the changes prompt modification of the formation of microtubules in\u2005vitro. Measurements of singlet oxygen formation were inconclusive in determining whether the changes are prompted by reactive oxygen species or other excited state mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201600629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T10:21:50Z","timestamp":1470306110000},"page":"3269-3282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Visible\u2010Light Irradiation of Protoporphyrin\u2005IX on the Self\u2010Assembly of Tubulin Heterodimers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Vall\u2010Sagarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Quimic de Sarria Universitat Ramon Llull  Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio TX 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