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DNA strand breaks are already induced by photons having an energy below the ionization energy of DNA. At high photon energies, most of the DNA strand breaks are induced by low\u2010energy secondary electrons. In the present study we quantified photon and electron induced DNA strand breaks in four different 12mer oligonucleotides. They are irradiated directly with 8.44\u2005eV vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons and 8.8\u2005eV low energy electrons (LEE). By using Si instead of VUV transparent CaF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> as a substrate the VUV exposure leads to an additional release of LEEs, which have a maximum energy of 3.6\u2005eV and can significantly enhance strand break cross sections. Atomic force microscopy is used to visualize strand breaks on DNA origami platforms and to determine absolute values for the strand break cross sections. Upon irradiation with 8.44\u2005eV photons all the investigated sequences show very similar strand break cross sections in the range of 1.7\u20132.3\u00d710<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>\u2005cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The strand break cross sections for LEE irradiation at 8.8\u2005eV are one to two orders of magnitude larger than the ones for VUV photons, and a slight sequence dependence is observed. The sequence dependence is even more pronounced for LEEs with energies &lt;3.6\u2005eV. The present results help to assess DNA damage by photons and electrons close to the ionization threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201801152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1549344963000},"page":"823-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Vacuum\u2010UV and Low\u2010Energy Electron\u2010Induced DNA Strand Breaks \u2013 Influence of the DNA Sequence and Substrate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry \u2013 Physical Chemistry University of Potsdam  Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24\u201325 14476 Potsdam Germany"},{"name":"Department 1 \u2013 Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing  Richard-Willst\u00e4tter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Unter den Linden 6 10099 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry \u2013 Physical Chemistry University of Potsdam  Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24\u201325 14476 Potsdam Germany"},{"name":"Department 1 \u2013 Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing  Richard-Willst\u00e4tter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Sch\u00fcrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 1 \u2013 Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing  Richard-Willst\u00e4tter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Heck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry \u2013 Physical Chemistry University of Potsdam  Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24\u201325 14476 Potsdam Germany"},{"name":"Department 1 \u2013 Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing  Richard-Willst\u00e4tter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Unter den Linden 6 10099 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Meiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry \u2013 Physical Chemistry University of Potsdam  Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24\u201325 14476 Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar 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