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The study was extended to evaluate the effect of the fused rings on the overall aromatic properties with a special focus on functional groups such as carbenes. The effect of non\u2010aromatic heterocycles on the local ring current of the central ring is small, while aromatic heterocycles (<jats:italic>e.\u2009g<\/jats:italic>. NHC, imidazolium) lead to a global aromaticity. A higher sulfur content of the adjacent five\u2010membered rings reduces the central ring current. The comparison to related tricyclic benzene and pyrazine derivatives showed that the 1,4\u2010diphosphinine systems resemble more closely the situation in the benzene derivatives than the pyrazines. The effect of charged systems was studied using bis(TTF)\u2010fused 1,4\u2010diphosphinines and, according to \n values, the neutral form doesn't possess significant aromaticity but the tetracation resembles the global aromatic situation observed for other heterocycles in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.202400417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T15:41:47Z","timestamp":1720626107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tricyclic 1,4\u2010Diphosphinines: Local vs. Global Aromaticity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Kalisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Anorganische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Gerhard-Domagk-Stra\u00dfe 1 53121 Bonn Germany) E-mail: E-mai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp C.","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Anorganische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Gerhard-Domagk-Stra\u00dfe 1 53121 Bonn Germany) E-mail: E-mai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Streubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Anorganische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Gerhard-Domagk-Stra\u00dfe 1 53121 Bonn Germany) E-mail: E-mai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"A. 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