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Heterogeneous advanced oxidation water treatment processes (AOPs) for pollutant removal by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) offer a promising solution. Currently, the pivotal challenge lies in the development of efficient and green catalysts. Hollow carbon\u2010based materials (HCMs) have attracted extensive attention in inducing heterogeneous AOPs for antibiotic removal due to their unique physicochemical properties. The hierarchical porous and hollow structure endows it with significant advantages such as the ability to efficiently enrich reactants, provide a large number of active sites, and have a flexible and adjustable electronic structure, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity and stability. This review makes a comprehensive survey of the progress of HCMs in the removal of antibiotics in heterogeneous AOPs in recent years, focusing on their structural design, synthesis methods, and the vital mechanisms of performance optimization, such as cavity confinement effects. In addition, their application as heterogeneous catalysts in the degradation of antibiotics in AOPs, including persulfate (PS) activation, photo\u2010Fenton catalysis, and catalytic ozonation, was discussed, with the underlying reaction mechanisms revealed. 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