{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T21:58:31Z","timestamp":1785362311449,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB0408000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0408000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019TQ05C778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TQ05C778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemPhysChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Manganese(II)\u2010based materials are promising for photonic applications due to their low cost, low toxicity, and color\u2010tunable emission via crystal field engineering, making them suitable for uses ranging from anticounterfeiting and X\u2010ray imaging to next\u2010generation displays. However, Mn(II)\u2010based electroluminescent devices typically require the preparation of powders or crystals via solution synthesis or high\u2010temperature solid\u2010state methods, followed by secondary processing using solution or vacuum deposition. Herein, we report a \u201cdeposition\u2010as\u2010synthesis\u201d strategy that enables the direct fabrication of Mn(II)\u2010based organometallic composite electroluminescent diodes. A red\u2010emitting composite is readily prepared through the vacuum codeposition of 1,3,5\u2010tris(\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phenylbenzimidazol\u20102\u2010yl)benzene (TPBI) and manganese(II) bromide (MnBr\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Spectroscopic analysis reveals that the TPBI matrix interacts with MnBr\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to establish an energy\u2010transfer pathway from organic triplet states to Mn(II) ions, thereby sensitizing the characteristic Mn(II) emission. Through device structure optimization to minimize the injection barrier, we achieved a reduced driving voltage of 3.65\u2009V and a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.8%, with characteristic Mn(II) emission peaking at 622\u2009nm and CIE coordinates of (0.59, 0.41). This work demonstrates the potential of the gas\u2010phase vacuum evaporation approach (GPVEA) for preparing efficient Mn(II)\u2010based materials and electroluminescent devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.70518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:35:52Z","timestamp":1784943352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroluminescent Diodes Based on Manganese(II) Organic\/Metallic Composite Emissive Layer: A Gas\u2010Phase Vacuum Evaporation Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7673-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaofeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1287-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2935-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-9002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi\u2010Jian","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongcheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5sc02236c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2162\u20108777\/ac8bf8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202302854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaom.5c00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaom.2c00166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tc01355g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202302132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.145936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201801160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b03782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8qi00793d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018119\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1qi00556a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202501146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tc02085e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202205981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4dt02960g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c03267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202011191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtsust.2025.101075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202300672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202100855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201605739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2023.119993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c06039"}],"container-title":["ChemPhysChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cphc.70518","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cphc.70518","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cphc.70518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T21:11:02Z","timestamp":1785359462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cphc.70518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cphc.70518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphc.70518","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-4235","1439-7641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-4235","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7641","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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