{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T21:58:37Z","timestamp":1785362317738,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemPhysChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Perovskite materials have emerged as versatile platforms for sustainable photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic applications, addressing critical challenges in environmental remediation and clean energy conversion. This Review comprehensively examines oxide perovskites (ABO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), lead\u2010based and lead\u2010free halide perovskites (ABX\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , A\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    X\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), layered architectures including Ruddlesden\u2010Popper and Dion\u2010Jacobson phases, and perovskite\u2010derived catalysts for pollutant degradation, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction, water splitting (HER\/OER), and integrated waste\u2010to\u2010fuel conversion. Unlike previous reviews that separately focus on oxide or halide systems or isolated applications, this work establishes a unified environmental\u2010energy catalysis framework that systematically compares diverse perovskite families while emphasizing the transition from Pb\u2010based to Pb\u2010free architectures. Particular attention is given to defect\u2010mediated structure\u2013function relationships, including A\/B\u2010site engineering, oxygen and halide vacancy regulation, and heterostructure design, which collectively enhance visible\u2010light harvesting, charge separation, and multielectron redox kinetics. Side\u2010by\u2010side comparisons of lead\u2010based and lead\u2010free systems clarify the catalytic, environmental, and stability implications of Pb substitution. Although Pb\u2010free perovskites offer significant sustainability advantages, challenges related to long\u2010term durability, mechanistic understanding, and scalable synthesis remain unresolved. Future directions involving DFT\u2010 and machine learning\u2010guided design, interface engineering, and pilot\u2010scale implementation are highlighted to accelerate the development of next\u2010generation sustainable perovskite catalysts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.70519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:21:22Z","timestamp":1785356482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perovskites in Environmental and Energy Catalysis: Transitioning From Lead\u2010Based to Lead\u2010Free Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Vishakha","family":"Takhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar  Gandhinagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6846-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharam","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar  Gandhinagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyajit","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1189-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupak","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar  Gandhinagar Gujarat India"},{"name":"K C Patel Centre for Sustainable Development Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar  Gandhinagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9998-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnab","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay  Mumbai India"},{"name":"Centre for Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.4c00527","article-title":"Challenges and Future Perspectives in Photocatalysis: Conclusions from an Interdisciplinary Workshop","volume":"4","author":"Beil S. 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