{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:47:52Z","timestamp":1792003672604,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["under Grant 2023YFF0713303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["under Grant 2023YFF0713303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemPhysChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report the temporal variation of slant angles across three distinct segments within a single wire at a fixed HF\u2010to\u2010H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    volume ratio\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    during metal\u2010mesh\u2010assisted chemical etching (MACE). This intrawire change in slant angle at a constant\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    differs fundamentally, in both phenomenon and mechanism, from the wire\u2010to\u2010wire variation in slant angles observed under varying\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    values. MACE of (100) Si substrate over extended durations typically yields tilted wires when using a medium\u2010to\u2010high\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Interestingly, while these structures appear slanted macroscopically, electron microscopy reveals a microscopic vertical segment at the uppermost portion of the wires. The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this work, the existence of bubble\u2010induced two\u2010phase flow was confirmed indirectly by comparing stirred and unstirred MACE. The hydrogen produced by MACE initially remains dissolved, and after some time, bubbles start to nucleate and grow until they detach from the etching front. This characteristic three\u2010stage gas evolution behavior was found to align well, in chronological order, with the vertical, curved, and slanted segments observed in the etched wires. To the best of our knowledge, this study offers the first interpretation linking gas evolution phases to intrawire morphology of macroscopically oblique wires produced by MACE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.70548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:34:51Z","timestamp":1790822091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Observation and Origin of Vertical Segment and Its Transition to Stable Slant Wire Formation via Metal\u2013Mesh\u2013Assisted Chemical Etching"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Qing","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Nanzhi Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Integration Technology Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9758-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Nanzhi Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Integration Technology Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Energy Electrochemistry Institute of New Carbon Materials College of Material Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2802-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Center for Environmental Meteorology Integrated Chip Systems Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201001784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"879","volume-title":"Materials for Advanced Packaging","author":"Hildreth O.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202005744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4105757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2008.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.06.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.03.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2008.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b212108e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA08728A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp911121q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2003458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2014358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903391x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b01320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674\u20101056\/ae1119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-31701-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5107(99)00287-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-796X(02)00090-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(84)87043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(84)87044-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(93)80079-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(89)87183-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b01825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2014.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00682-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2009.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2213638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"Bard A. J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2481(03)00056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2014.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2007.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2007.04.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201300755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr05360a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp305621h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia Contributors. \u201cStandard electrode potential (data page) \u201d inWikipedia The Free Encyclopedia (2026) accessed September 25 2026 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(64)90130-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.02.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Experimental Study on Motion of Air Bubbles in Seawater (terminal Velocity and Drug Coefficient of Air Bubble Rising in Seawater)","volume":"68","author":"Kugou N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(80)87052-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2742807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.05.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.162915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2025.3580694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1838566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(70)80041-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00119"}],"container-title":["ChemPhysChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cphc.70548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cphc.70548","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cphc.70548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:04:00Z","timestamp":1792001040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cphc.70548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cphc.70548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphc.70548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-4235","1439-7641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-4235","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7641","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70548"}}