{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T20:53:43Z","timestamp":1761252823136},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":269,"publisher":"Wiley","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9780470650714"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD was originally attributed to neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta, and a concomitant loss of dopamine. PD is now thought to be a multisystem disorder that involves not only the dopaminergic system, but other neurotransmitter systems whose role may become more prominent as the disease progresses (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#c100047-bib-0194\"\/>). PD is characterized by four cardinal symptoms, resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, all of which are motor. However, PD also may include any combination of a myriad of nonmotor symptoms (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#c100047-bib-0200\"\/>). Both motor and nonmotor symptoms may impact the ability of those with PD to participate in exercise and\/or impact the effects of that exercise on those with PD. This article provides a comprehensive overview of PD, its symptoms and progression, and current treatments for PD. Among these treatments, exercise is currently at the forefront. People with PD retain the ability to participate in many forms of exercise and generally respond to exercise interventions similarly to age\u2010matched subjects without PD. As such, exercise is currently an area receiving substantial research attention as investigators seek interventions that may modify the progression of the disease, perhaps through neuroprotective mechanisms. \u00a9 2013 American Physiological Society.<jats:italic>Compr Physiol<\/jats:italic>3:833\u2010848, 2013.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100047","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T15:39:10Z","timestamp":1366040350000},"page":"833-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Parkinson Disease and Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Gammon M.","family":"Earhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Falvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318225ab66"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31822cc71a","article-title":"It is not about the bike, it is about the pedaling: Forced exercise and Parkinson's disease","volume":"39","author":"Alberts JL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-5004-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000144277.06917.CC"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/30.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052812"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20624"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01192-X","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 attenuates the 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced loss of striatal dopamine and dopaminergic axons in aged mice","volume":"738","author":"Beal MF","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.765727"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.11.2131"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0632-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-5005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90203-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110506"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170047"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20115"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068008.78394.2C"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21065"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10358"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj057"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_28_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"A randomized controlled cross\u2010over trial of aerobic training versus Qigong in advanced Parkinson's disease","volume":"42","author":"Burini D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Europa Medicophysica"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507077269"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.908933"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-45295-0_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902870308"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902870307"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00411-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151960.28687.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_37_1","unstructured":"CheonSM SungHR HaMS Kim JW. 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