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To analyze the influence of varying the donor (piperidyl vs. dodecyloxy), chromophore (mono\u2010, bis\u2010, or tricyclic system), and acceptor moiety (methyl barbiturate vs. malononitrile) on the ground\u2010state polarity, a combination of several methods was employed: UV\/Vis absorption and emission, quantum chemical computations,\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H as well as\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2005NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Depending on the acceptor and donor moieties, the ground state was shifted from a neutral form to the cyanine limit and further to a zwitterionic structure. When the dye had strong piperidyl donor and barbiturate acceptor substituents, the ground state was close to the cyanine limit, which resulted in strong cyanine\u2010like absorption properties with a dominant 0\u20130 transition. When the dye combined a weak dodecyloxy donor with a malononitrile or barbiturate acceptor, the neutral resonance form significantly contributed to the ground state, leading to weaker but broader absorption spectra featuring transitions to higher vibronic states.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.201700347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T07:07:02Z","timestamp":1503040022000},"page":"1197-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rigidified Push\u2013Pull Dyes: Using Chromophore Size, Donor, and Acceptor Units to Tune the Ground State between Neutral and the Cyanine Limit"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Johannes Christian","family":"Haenle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Organische Chemie Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart  Pfaffenwalding 55 70569 Stuttgart 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