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Although normally controlled by the host immune system,<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes in individuals with immature or suppressed immune systems. After penetrating the intestine, parasites rapidly disseminate throughout the body and stimulate production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)\u201012, IL\u201018, and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 by immune cells. These cytokines play a key role in host resistance to<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>by promoting a strong Th1 response. Recent reports show that gut commensal bacteria can act as molecular adjuvants during<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection. Thus,<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>is an excellent model system to study host\u2010pathogen interactions. This unit outlines the protocols for in vitro and in vivo maintenance and growth of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2017 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T19:47:37Z","timestamp":1486410457000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>: Laboratory Maintenance and Growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Asis","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Grigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369542-0\/50016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01793-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.8.1787-1792.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc01a01s13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im0106s73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im0108s73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey J.P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1972.tb03431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3286603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01900-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1296513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/126.6.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.167.3919.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03799.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mca03bs00"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)01319-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(86)90109-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00358-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in the non\u2010AIDS immunocompromised host","volume":"13","author":"Israelski D.M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr. 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