{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:41:33Z","timestamp":1792204893478,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cognitive\u2013behavioural model of hoarding disorder incorporates information processing difficulties, maladaptive attachment to possessions, erroneous beliefs about the nature of possessions, and mood problems as etiologically significant factors, although developmental experiences such as a compromised early family environment have also been proposed in an augmented model. This study examined the specificity and relevance of variables highlighted in the augmented cognitive\u2013behavioural model. Various clinical participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a089) and community controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020) were assessed with structured clinical interviews to verify diagnosis. Participants completed self\u2010report measures of hoarding severity, cognitions, meta\u2010memory, and early developmental experiences (e.g., memories of warmth and security in one's family). Hoarding cohorts (with and without obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder) reported poor confidence in memory, but relative to other groups (obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder without hoarding disorder, anxiety disorders, and healthy controls), hoarding\u2010relevant cognitions, need to keep possessions in view, and concerns about the consequences of forgetting were significantly higher. Hoarding groups reported the lowest recollections of warmth in their family, although no differences were found between hoarding and non hoarding clinical cohorts for uncertainty about self and others. Nonetheless, clinical cohorts reported generally higher scores of uncertainty than healthy controls. When predicting hoarding severity, after controlling for age and mood, recollections of lack of warmth in one's family was a significant predictor of hoarding severity, with hoarding\u2010related cognitions and fears about decision\u2010making being additional unique predictors. The study supports the augmented cognitive\u2013behavioural model of hoarding, inclusive of the importance of early developmental influences in hoarding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T06:47:10Z","timestamp":1513752430000},"page":"311-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The cognitive\u2013behavioural model of hoarding disorder: Evidence from clinical and non\u2010clinical cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kyrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Psychology The Australian National University  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0986-0598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Mogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"The Anxiety and OCD Clinic Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Moulding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Deakin University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy O.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Smith College  Northampton MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keong","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Australian Catholic University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Fassnacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Psychology The Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2001.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II","author":"Beck A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(91)90002-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13522751011013945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00136-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM\u2010IV","author":"DiNardo P. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90094-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/088983907781494582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Frost R. O. McCarthy K. D. Matthews Y. &Kyrios M.(2005).The relationship between compulsive buying and depression self\u2010ambivalence early developmental influences and materialism. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90121-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Stuff: Compulsive hoarding and the meaning of things","author":"Frost R. O.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00137-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.3.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Cognitive processes and emotional disorders","author":"Guidano V.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/26.3.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Cognitive psychotherapy of psychotic and personality disorders: Handbook of theory and practice","author":"Kyrios M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"206","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of hoarding and acquiring","author":"Kyrios M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139941297.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"Kyrios M. Frost R. O. Steketee G. &Mogan C.(2005).Early family attachments in obsessive\u2010compulsive and related disorders. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the European Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Thessaloniki Greece."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139941297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043410-0\/50018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465813000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139941297.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07111730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2002.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","author":"Shaver P. R.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025428631552"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9338-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.04.002"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcpp.2164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpp.2164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T06:13:39Z","timestamp":1695536019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpp.2164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpp.2164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-3995","1099-0879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-3995","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]}}}