{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:00:31Z","timestamp":1792112431835,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cultivating self\u2010compassion is increasingly recognized as a powerful method to regulate hyperactive threat processes such as shame and self\u2010criticism, but fear of self\u2010compassion (FSC) can inhibit this. These difficulties are underexplored in personality disorder (PD) despite their prevalence. Furthermore, little evidence exists regarding how these factors relate to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and attachment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010three participants with a diagnosis of PD completed measures including childhood abuse\/neglect, invalidation, early warmth, self\u2010compassion, shame, self\u2010criticism, FSC, and anxious\/avoidant attachment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010compassion was predicted uniquely by low early warmth; self\u2010inadequacy by invalidation and abuse; and FSC by multiple ACEs. FSC and self\u2010compassion were significantly correlated with self\u2010criticism and shame, but not with one another.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low self\u2010compassion and high FSC appear to be distinct problems, substantiating physiological models proposing distinct threat and soothing systems. Results are consistent with theories positing that low self\u2010compassion has distinct origins to shame, self\u2010criticism, and FSC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T09:10:26Z","timestamp":1549271426000},"page":"350-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Abuse, invalidation, and lack of early warmth show distinct relationships with self\u2010criticism, self\u2010compassion, and fear of self\u2010compassion in personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3897-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iona","family":"Naismith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universidad de los Andes  Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Zarate Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universidad de los Andes  Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Feigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502163778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2006.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self\u2010report manual","author":"Bernstein D. 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