{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:25:01Z","timestamp":1789439101201,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Military personnel may encounter morally injurious events that lead to emotional, social, and spiritual suffering that transcend and\/or overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post\u2010traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Advancement of scientific research and potential clinical innovation for moral injury (MI) requires a diversity of measurement approaches. Drawing on results from the bifactor model in Currier et al.'s (2017) psychometric evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale\u2010Military version (EMIS\u2010M), this study validated a four\u2010item short form of the instrument with two samples of veterans with a history of war\u2010zone service. Namely, despite the reduced number of items, the EMIS\u2010M\u2010Short Form (SF) yielded favourable internal consistency and comparable levels of convergent validity with theoretically related constructs (e.g., PTSD and struggles with morality and ultimate meaning) as the full\u2010length version. Notwithstanding the possible utility of distinguishing between self\u2010 and other\u2010directed forms of MI, factor analytic results further revealed that the EMIS\u2010M\u2010SF was best conceptualized with a unidimensional factorial model that might allow for a general assessment of MI\u2010related outcomes. Overall, these initial results suggest that the EMIS\u2010M\u2010SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T02:20:06Z","timestamp":1572229206000},"page":"61-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Validation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale\u2010Military version\u2010Short Form"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8843-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Currier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department University of South Alabama  Mobile Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Isaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department University of South Alabama  Mobile Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryon C.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling and Instructional Sciences University of South Alabama  Mobile Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense(2010).Population representation in the military services: Fiscal year 2010 summary report. 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