{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:40:59Z","timestamp":1790624459324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pica is the persistent consumption of non\u2010nutritive, nonfood substances and is associated with adverse health complications. However, there is limited research on interventions for pica in youth. The objective of this study is to systematically review the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for pica in children and adolescents and to generate treatment recommendations. A systematic search yielded 823 articles extracted from five databases: CINALH, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two reviewers completed initial sorting based on article titles and abstracts. Five reviewers completed sorting based on full article review. Thirty articles were included and double coded for demographic information, co\u2010morbid conditions, and intervention characteristics. These studies were case studies involving behavioural treatments for pica. Seventeen behavioural interventions were categorized into four treatment approaches: reinforcement\u2010based, response interruption, \u201cother\u201d interventions, and punishment\u2010based procedures. Interventions that resulted in near\u2010zero rates of pica were deemed effective. Findings showed support for contingent reinforcement, discrimination training as part of a combination treatment, physical restraint, time out, and contingent aversive stimulus. No evidence supported the effectiveness of response interruption procedures, including response blocking and visual facial screen. Other coded procedures did not appear effective. We recommend that the least restrictive procedures are implemented first, including a combination treatment with contingent reinforcement and discrimination training. As needed, more restrictive procedures can be added to the treatment package. This review will facilitate future empirical work and assist clinicians with treatment options for pica in youth. High\u2010quality trials are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T15:00:51Z","timestamp":1594047651000},"page":"39-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A systematic review of the effectiveness of behavioural treatments for pica in youths"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Moline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Thomassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(87)90001-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"The prevalence of pica","volume":"112","author":"Barltrop D.","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbl.20068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970701308389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Board Behavior Analyst Certification. 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