{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:15:00Z","timestamp":1790680500829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic's consequences and the state of alarm, literature has shown that people worldwide have experienced severe stressors that have been associated with increased prevalence of emotional distress. In this study, we explored psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms) using an online survey platform in a sample of 1,781 Spanish adults during the confinement due to COVID\u201019, relationships between distress and sleep problems, affect, pain, sleep, emotional regulation, gender, type of housing, history of psychopathology, and living alone during the confinement, and differences depending on demographic and psychological variables. Results showed that between 25% and 39% of the sample referred to clinically significant levels of distress. In addition, women showed higher levels of distress, negative affect, perception of pain, and cognitive reappraisal and lower levels of emotional suppression and sleep quality than men. A history of psychopathology, being younger, living alone or in a flat was associated with higher distress. Finally, the variables most strongly related to distress were negative and positive affect, levels of pain, sleep quality, and emotional suppression. Our results highlight the important role of emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and loneliness and the impact of being a woman and younger in Spain during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide assessments of distress levels in these population groups and focus psychological preventive and therapeutic online interventions on expressing emotions and preventing loneliness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T19:21:45Z","timestamp":1603999305000},"page":"606-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Levels and variables associated with psychological distress during confinement due to the coronavirus pandemic in a community sample of Spanish adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Personality, Assessment, and Therapeutic Intervention Department Catholic University of Valencia \u201cSaint Vincent Martyr\u201d  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Masegoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of doctorate Catholic University of Valencia \u201cSaint Vincent Martyr\u201d  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazaret","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Espeso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Sciences, Speech Therapy, Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Department Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir Campus de Valencia San Juan Bautista  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576906201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2010.542814"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender\u2010related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID\u201019 in Spain","author":"Aus\u00edn B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Gender Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.9.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"735","article-title":"Psychological health diathesis assessment system: A nationwide survey of resilient trait scale for Chinese adults","volume":"12","author":"Cheng C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Studies of Psychology Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Brief Symptoms Inventory 18","author":"Derogatis L. R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600003966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Differences between cultures in emotional verbal and non\u2010verbal reactions","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez I.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V35N5p301","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of SARS in Singapore","volume":"35","author":"Goh K. T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Why People Die by Suicide","author":"Joiner T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.2.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00536-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","article-title":"\u201cWe are staying at home.\u201d association of self\u2010perceptions of aging, personal and family resources, and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock\u2010down period of COVID\u201019","author":"Losada\u2010Baltar A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(01)80034-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21103\/Article7(3)_OA6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.8.3.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00054020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8484-5_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001671"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo: validaci\u00f3n factorial y convergencia transcultural","volume":"11","author":"Sand\u00edn B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","unstructured":"Soergel A.(2020).Virus job losses hit young minorities first. US News & World Report. Retrieved May 15 2020 fromhttps:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/economy\/articles\/2020\u201004\u201003\/young\u2010and\u2010minority\u2010workers\u2010feeling\u2010first\u2010effects\u2010of\u2010coronavirus\u2010unemployment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twenge J. M.&Joiner T. E.(2020).Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Pre\u2010print retrieved May 27 2020 fromhttps:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/wc8ud","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/wc8ud"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of the stress, anxiety and healthy habits in the Spanish Covid\u201019 confinement","volume":"14","author":"Vicario\u2010Merino A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020).Preguntas y respuestas sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID\u201019). Retrieved April 4 2020 fromhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel\u2010coronavirus\u20102019\/advice\u2010for\u2010public\/q\u2010a\u2010coronaviruses"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpp.2523","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cpp.2523","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpp.2523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:26:13Z","timestamp":1692872773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpp.2523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpp.2523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2523","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-3995","1099-0879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-3995","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}