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These remain poorly understood as the dominant etiological model for dissociation relies on trauma. Importantly, dissociation in such samples predicts poor prognosis and high drop\u2010out rates. We set out to better understand the aetiology of dissociative experiences in a mixed clinical (anxiety and depression) and community sample by exploring between\u2010 and within\u2010subjects effects of two domains: psychological distress or negative affectivity (operationalized as anxiety and depression symptoms), and poor sleep quality, including disturbed dreaming. The idea that negative affectivity triggers dissociation (Distress Model) is inspired by the trauma model. The idea that poor sleep and unusual dreaming underlie dissociation (Sleep Model) has been suggested as a competing theory. We examined both models by exploring which domains oscillate alongside dissociative experiences. <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a098 adults, half of them diagnosed with depression and anxiety and half community controls, underwent a structured clinical interview and completed questionnaires monthly for 6\u00a0months. Support was found for both models in that each domain had a unique explanatory contribution. Distress evinced consistent effects that could not be explained by sleep or dreaming, both between individuals and across time. Oscillations in dissociation across months, when taking psychological distress into account, were better explained by unusual dreaming than traditional sleep quality measures. These findings cannot be generalized to highly\u2010traumatized samples. A complex, integrated etiological model for dissociative experiences is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T22:25:55Z","timestamp":1612391155000},"page":"1091-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The path to dissociative experiences: A direct comparison of different etiological models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yifat","family":"Buchnik\u2010Daniely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Vannikov\u2010Lugassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0610-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadar","family":"Shalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Soroka Medical Center  Beer\u2010sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirit","family":"Soffer\u2010Dudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2810","article-title":"A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression","volume":"36","author":"Alvaro P. 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