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Emerging research on treatment for trauma survivors shows evidence that incarcerated women and men, with the most complex histories of trauma and abuse, can be responsive to trauma\u2010specific treatment. Current research assessing two gender\u2010responsive and trauma\u2010specific brief interventions (e.g., <jats:italic>Healing Trauma for Women and Exploring Trauma for Men<\/jats:italic>) have demonstrated feasibility, consistency and efficacy among incarcerated populations. The current study uses secondary data analysis to explore the relationship between cumulative ACEs and the impact of the <jats:italic>Healing Trauma and Exploring Trauma<\/jats:italic> on participant's (682 women and 624 men) mental health, aggression and anger outcomes. The mixed\u2010method regression results show that the impact of ACEs on treatment outcomes is strong and cumulative (i.e., greater exposure to childhood traumatic events increased the likelihood of participant programme gain on all the mental health and aggression outcomes, ranging from .13 to 1.2 for women and .15 to .77 for the men). The lowest significant coefficient for both women and men was for verbal anger and the largest was for current trauma symptoms. The association of ACEs on anger outcomes varied between women and men (revealing more association among the men). The findings show a strong positive impact for the trauma\u2010specific brief interventions, particularly for those with the highest levels of trauma, whom otherwise might not have been ineligible for any programme participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T14:02:39Z","timestamp":1613397759000},"page":"1210-1221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Opening the proverbial \u2018can of worms\u2019 on trauma\u2010specific treatment in prison: The association of adverse childhood experiences to treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nena Portia","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Schepps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.8.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"The psychology of criminal conduct","author":"Andrews D. 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