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In some cases, it is difficult to conduct a differential diagnosis based only on current diagnostic criteria Therefore, it is important to find clinical factors with high discriminatory specificity that, used together with structured or semi\u2010structured interviews, could help improve diagnostic practice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We propose that a clinical analysis of identity, self\u2010concept and self\u2010esteem may help distinguish the two disorders, when they are not co\u2010morbid. Our review of the studies that analyse these constructs in BD and BPD, separately, points in the direction of qualitative differences between the two disorders. In BPD, there is a well\u2010documented identity diffusion, and the self\u2010concept appears predominantly negative; shifts in self\u2010concept and self\u2010esteem are often tied to interpersonal triggers. In BD, patients struggle with their identity, but narrative identity might be less compromised compared with BPD; the shifts in self\u2010concept and self\u2010esteem appear more linked to internal (i.e. mood and motivational) factors. We end the paper by discussing the implications for clinicians and ideas for future comparative research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T09:14:42Z","timestamp":1617441282000},"page":"26-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differential diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: Self\u2010concept, identity and self\u2010esteem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8286-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Grosseto Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Lari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Grosseto Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Iazzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Grosseto Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Saettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Grosseto Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord\u2010Ovest Valle del Serchio  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9129-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gragnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Grosseto Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord\u2010Ovest Valle del Serchio  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SRL  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016604"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000786"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2016.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411435289"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.18.1.36.32772"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101513"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12509"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2007.21.5.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29189"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2014-1459"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.128348"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(02)00347-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2012.01478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8956-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","first-page":"825","volume-title":"The goals of cognition: Essays in honour of Cristiano Castelfranchi","author":"Castelfranchi C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000537"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","volume-title":"Psychotherapy for borderline personality: Focusing on object relations","author":"Clarkin J. 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