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This approach is fundamentally different from syndrome\u2010based approaches in which standardized treatments are administered for psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms. In the current case, we proposed a process\u2010based conceptualization and treatment for a woman with concomitant problematic substance use and emotional symptoms. Our idiosyncratic process\u2010based conceptualization showed that for this person, substance abuse consisted in a maladaptive coping strategy to deal with repetitive negative thinking and poor emotion regulation skills, for which we decided to use a mindfulness\u2010based intervention. Treatment comprised 8\u2009weeks of individually delivered mindfulness\u2010based cognitive therapy sessions. A comprehensive assessment of psychiatric symptoms and psychological processes was conducted at baseline, post\u2010intervention and 3\u2010month follow\u2010up. The post\u2010treatment assessment revealed that psychological processes targeted by the intervention were improved, together with the mindfulness trait. At the symptom\u2010based level, we observed a significant reduction in substance abuse and emotional symptoms. Treatment gains were maintained at follow\u2010up. From a process\u2010based perspective, this result implies that the intervention successfully targeted the psychological processes underlying the presenting symptoms. Adopting a process\u2010based approach rather than symptom\u2010 or syndrome\u2010based approaches is a valuable alternative in the conceptualization and treatment of complex cases presenting with multiple comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1673685602000},"page":"714-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Individually delivered mindfulness\u2010based cognitive therapy in concomitant problematic substance use and emotional symptoms: A process\u2010based case study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5701-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Hamonniere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UR Clipsyd Universit\u00e9 Paris Nanterre  Nanterre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Billieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Therapist guide","author":"Barlow D. 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