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This meta\u2010analysis summarises the extant results of studies assessing risk factors prior exposure and PTSD symptoms following an index event on the same participants. It includes 43 studies (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919,239) yielding 174 effect sizes of pretraumatic risk factors categories such as demographic factors, cognitive factors, personality traits, coping styles, psychopathology, psychophysiological and environmental factors, which were examined using a three\u2010level meta\u2010analysis. Additionally, univariate random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed to separately investigate individual risk factors reported in more than one study. The findings revealed significant, small and medium associations for all categories, except for demographic factors and coping styles, also highlighting that certain individual risk factor domains (i.e. previous mental disorders, negative emotionality, sleep complaints and PTSD symptoms) represent the strongest predictors for PTSD symptoms after subsequent exposure. Several moderators were also investigated for individual risk factors. Future research could benefit from considering the interplay of pretraumatic risk factors to draw a more complex picture of the aetiology and underlying mechanisms of PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:53:47Z","timestamp":1694393627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pretrauma risk factors and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following subsequent exposure: Multilevel and univariate meta\u2010analytical approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1105-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodora","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences University of Bucharest  Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"Nedelcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences University of Bucharest  Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100610387086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Effect sizes for continuous data","volume":"2","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta\u2010Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.4.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838000001001002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6155.2008.00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506289178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711010X502733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(89)80067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(89)80067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1620084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"The role of personality traits in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"24","author":"Jak\u0161i\u0107 N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Shattered assumptions","author":"Janoff\u2010Bulman R.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0059211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus R. 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