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Nonetheless, empirical literature fails to provide comprehensive and univocal findings on whether and how paranoid presentations relate to different personality disorders. In the present scoping review, we map the empirical literature on paranoid presentations in personality disorders, considering the entire spectrum of paranoid manifestations (i.e., the paranoia hierarchy). In selecting original quantitative studies on paranoid presentations in personality\u2010disordered patients, we screened 4,433 records in PsycArticles, PsycInfo and PUBMED. We eventually included 47 eligible studies in the review. Our synthesis indicates consistent empirical evidence of a wide range of paranoid presentations in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. Conversely, little empirical literature exists on paranoid presentations in other personality disorders. Preliminary findings suggest broad\u2010severity paranoid presentations, ranging from milder to severe forms, in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. There is also some evidence of milder forms of paranoia in Avoidant, Antisocial and Narcissistic personality disorders. Conversely, there is poor evidence of paranoid presentations in Schizoid, Histrionic, Dependent or Obsessive\u2010compulsive personality disorders. Research gaps and recommendations for improving empirical research on paranoid presentations in personality disorders are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T08:13:39Z","timestamp":1695197619000},"page":"1215-1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In search of hidden threats: A scoping review on paranoid presentations in personality disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9373-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Fanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Di Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Personality Disorder Lab (PDLab)  Milan\u2010Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Di Pierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Personality Disorder Lab (PDLab)  Milan\u2010Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder: DSM\u2010III","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u00a0(DSM\u2010IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00152-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-022-00182-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2016.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0107-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice","author":"Bateman A. 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