{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:58:07Z","timestamp":1781665087535,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe shame is a distressing negative emotion, accompanied by intense feelings of worthlessness that contributes to a broad panoply of psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effects on shame dysregulation of two transdiagnostic treatments, the Unified Protocol (UP) and Self\u2010Acceptance Group Therapy (SAGT). We additionally addressed the question of whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) can properly be regarded as an emotional disorder. The focus was on outcome measures, primarily shame that cut across individual diagnostic categories and capture emotional dysfunction broadly conceived.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals suffering from a range of emotional disorders (including BPD) and high levels of shame were randomly allocated to treatment by either UP (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009280) or SAGT (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009282). Outcomes were measures of emotion dysfunction\u2014shame, loneliness, neuroticism, emotional dysregulation, positive and negative affect\u2014measured pre\u2010treatment, post\u2010treatment and at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>UP was superior to SAGT in showing better post\u2010treatment retention of therapeutic gains on all outcome measures over the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up period. Compared with those without a BPD diagnosis, those diagnosed with BPD showed significantly higher neuroticism and emotion dysregulation at baseline and a similar post\u2010treatment reduction in almost all outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results support the use of both the UP and SAGT in the treatment of severe shame. The superiority of the UP over SAGT in reducing negative emotionality is interpreted in terms of the specific mechanisms targeted by the UP. The results provide support for the theoretical rationale for the UP as a treatment for dysregulated shame and for emotional dysfunction generally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.3022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T03:30:06Z","timestamp":1719286206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unified Protocol Versus Self\u2010Acceptance Group Therapy for Emotional Disorders in People With Severe Shame"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1765-2884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Mohajerin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taleghani Hospital Research Developmental Unit, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard\u00a0C.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Personality Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM\u20105","author":"Amini M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502163778"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010019\u20100792\u20104"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire\u2010Revised (EPQ\u2010R) Short Scale","volume":"1","author":"Bakhshipour R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS)","volume":"9","author":"Bakhshipour R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199328710.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/216770261350"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2021_35_515"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101755"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445514553094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101852"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191\u20108869(03)00206\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"DePaoli L. 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