{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:50:45Z","timestamp":1759481445847},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linville's self\u2010complexity (SC) theory suggests that reduced SC exacerbates the effects of stress, thereby creating a vulnerability to psychopathology. This exploratory study investigated SC in individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations. Twenty\u2010two clinical participants experiencing auditory hallucinations were recruited from inpatient and outpatient services. Twenty\u2010two control participants, matched on age and gender, were recruited from non\u2010clinical settings. All participants completed a card sort task relating to the self, and questionnaires of affect, self\u2010esteem and recent stress. Although groups did not differ in unitary SC, clinical participants displayed significantly reduced positive SC (pos\u2010SC) compared with controls. Pos\u2010SC was positively correlated with increased psychological well\u2010being, while negative SC was inversely related, across both groups. No stress\u2010buffering effects for SC were found. Findings are discussed with respect to previous literature, and clinical and research implications of the study are addressed, particularly in relation to the therapeutic potential for increasing pos\u2010SC in patients distressed by auditory hallucinations.\u2002Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T08:14:15Z","timestamp":1235031255000},"page":"172-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An exploration of self\u2010complexity in individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Wittkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Applications of information theory to psychology","author":"Attneave F.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Families of schizophrenic patients","author":"Barrowclough C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.1.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Reconstructing schizophrenia","author":"Bentall R.P.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799001828"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-590241-0.50008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Dementia praecox, or the group of schizophrenias","author":"Bleuler E.","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.3.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Self\u2010complexity of suicidal adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Brunstein\u2010Klomek A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10357-003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.6.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Cognitive\u2013behavioural interventions with psychotic disorders","author":"Chadwick P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Statistical tests for moderator variables","volume":"87","author":"Cronbach L.J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.2.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626058700200402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: Theory and practice","author":"Fowler D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08936038908404298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200210000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychopathology. 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